Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), extensively used in firefighting to suppress flammable liquid fires, contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of synthetic chemicals linked to serious health risks such as cancer, thyroid disease, and immune system issues, as well as persistent environmental contamination. This has led to extensive mass tort litigation, with thousands of plaintiffs including firefighters, military personnel, and residents near military bases or airports suing major manufacturers like 3M, DuPont, and others for failing to warn about the long-term dangers of PFAS exposure. Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly restricting or banning the use of PFAS, and significant settlements and verdicts, amounting to millions of dollars, have been reached. Ongoing lawsuits and regulatory efforts aim to address the widespread public health concerns, facilitate environmental cleanup, and enforce stricter control and eventual phase-out of PFAS chemicals to protect both human health and the environment.